Spinning

Development Analysis and Application Essentials of Polyester Spinning Oils       

Oil agents, as additives in spinning processing, have become a very important chemical product. With the rapid development of the chemical fiber industry, the annual consumption of chemical fiber oil agents worldwide has exceeded 400000 tons, bringing billions of profits to the oil agent industry, and there is still a growing trend. Therefore, the research and production of oil agents has become one of the hottest textile additives. Especially in synthetic fibers, the production capacity has increased significantly, and spinning oil agents are essential additives in the process of synthetic fiber formation and weaving. As the synthetic fiber industry is facing a period of new synthetic fibers and differentiated fibers, synthetic fiber production has moved towards a stage of multi variety, small batch, and high speed, and requires a large number of new oil agents to cooperate with it. At present, the annual production of synthetic fibers in China has reached over 10.8 million tons, and the annual consumption of oil agents is nearly 100000 tons, including 78800 tons of oil agents for polyester, 5000 tons of oil agents for polypropylene, 14000 tons of oil agents for nylon and acrylic, and about 3000 tons of other oil agents. The amount of oil used is generally 0.2%~2.0% of the weight of the fiber.   

The Development Status of Chemical Fiber Oils in China   

From the research situation of major international chemical fiber oil production enterprises, since the 1950s, countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom have been active in the research of chemical fiber oil. Not only have they developed many new high-efficiency oil agents, but they have also used composite technology to develop composite oil agents with good anti-static properties, smoothness, and clustering properties. However, the research, development and production of chemical fiber oiling agents in China went through dispersed development in the 1960s; Analysis and imitation in the 1970s; Organized development of domestically produced oil agents in the 1980s; The development and production history of gradually replacing imported oil agents in the 1990s. At present, it has a certain scale and foundation. The development, technology, and production of oil agents have formed a relatively complete supporting system. According to incomplete statistics, around 30 units across the country have developed and produced dozens of various types of chemical fiber additives, mostly distributed in systems such as petrochemical, textile, chemical, and light industry. In addition, human pollution of the environment has increasingly threatened the balanced living environment formed by the Earth's biosphere for billions or even billions of years. This serious problem has attracted the attention of countries around the world, taking measures and formulating regulations to prevent further deterioration of the environment. For the textile industry, Various countries have successively introduced ecological standards and environmental regulations for textiles. The most important thing in the next five years is to address the impact of oil agents on the environment.   

The Main Functions of Polyester Spinning Oil

1 polyester filament   

In the spinning process of polyester and other products after monomer polymerization, the spinning oil agent can adjust the friction between fibers and between fibers, as well as between fibers and metals, reduce the coefficient of friction, reduce static electricity generated by friction, and make the fibers have good clustering, smoothness, and fiber splitting properties, meeting the needs of fiber processing related processes. Therefore, the main function of general filament oil is to ensure that the oiled fibers can be smoothly wound, the filament tube is well formed, and the filament breakage can be reduced during the stretching process to ensure normal stretching. This requires that the filament oil must have good anti-static properties, moderate wettability, and fiber adhesion. It is expected that in future fiber production, for POY fibers, the use of radiation heaters in the deformation machine can increase processing speed and production capacity, and equipment operation is more convenient. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the most suitable oil agent that can meet these requirements. In order to obtain high quality filament, it is generally required that the finish has low volatility and low inorganic compound content. In the future, the performance of the finish will be improved according to the denier number and cross section shape of the filament. In addition, in the production of raw silk, it is necessary to meet the requirements of one-step (FOY) processing speed; With the production of fine denier and microfiber filaments, in order to prevent the formation of filaments, it is required that the oil agent can reduce the friction force between fiber guides and have good interfacial wetting effect.

2 polyester staple fibers    

The main function of short fiber oiling agent is to provide anti-static properties to fibers, eliminate static electricity generated during textile processing, improve the smoothness of fibers, and ensure smooth fiber processing. Short fibers need to undergo flower cleaning, carding, and drawing; During processes such as spinning, the friction characteristics between fibers/fibers and fibers/metal have a significant impact on textile processing when passing through various spinning machines. Short fiber oiling, on the other hand, provides different friction characteristics and bunching properties to short fibers according to different processes, thus enabling the smooth progress of polyester short fibers in spinning, weaving, and weaving. In the next 5 years, the development direction of new oiling agents for oil producing enterprises is to meet the needs of textile mills in producing thin fabrics. Additionally, due to the change in the use of steel rings, airflow, and nozzles by rotor spinning, oiling agents are required to meet the needs of each processing process. Due to the increase in the speed of steel rings and rotor spinning, it is necessary to improve the coating of oiling agents and have excellent interfacial friction to prevent yarn damage or breakage. 

3 polyester industrial yarn    

In the production of polyester and downstream industrial fabrics and cord lines, the correct selection and use of oil agents is very important, as the selection of oil agents can directly affect the processing performance and product quality. Due to the high temperature and friction experienced during the processing, as well as the high processing speed, it is necessary for the oil agent to have high-temperature stability, good anti-static properties, and good wettability. High modulus and low shrinkage polyester industrial yarn is obtained using processing temperatures above 220 ℃. Such high temperatures require high molecular weight components in the oil to reduce coking and smoke. With the continuous improvement of the winding head, the spinning speed continues to increase, and the requirements for high temperature resistance of the oil agent will further increase. When fibers are used to produce high-strength industrial fabrics, new requirements are put forward for the performance of the oiling agent. For example, in the production of tire cord, the oiling agent needs to meet the requirements of increasing twisting effect and also have appropriate adhesion with rubber, so that the impregnation process can proceed smoothly. Another direction of the current development of oiling agent is to meet the growing production requirements of fine denier industrial silk for automotive inflatable bags

4 polyester non-woven fabric    

In the field of non-woven fabrics, people have developed special fabrics to achieve greater value. These special fabrics can be improved in terms of performance, such as durability or partial durability, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, or hand feel, through surface treatment.    

Composition of Spinning Oils   

As is well known, spinning oil is a mixture of various substances. From the composition of the oil agent, it is mainly composed of antistatic agent, smoothing agent, cluster agent, softener, emulsifier, defoamer, preservatives, etc., of which the commonly used substances are: alkyl phosphate potassium salt, alkyl alcohol ether phosphate potassium salt, alkyl phosphoethanolamine, polyoxyethylene castor oil, fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, oleate, sorbitol stearate, etc.